Ozone hole at record size, posing grave threats to Earth, humanity

ISTANBUL – The hole above the Earth's ozone layer on the Antarctic "will have adverse impacts on the planet and human life," an expert told Anadolu as the hole is among the largest recorded, about three times the size of Brazil.

The ozone layer acts as a natural shield, efficiently filtering harmful solar radiation, particularly ultraviolet (UV) rays.

The hole's size variability is influenced by a strong wind band around Antarctica, a result of Earth's rotation and temperature differences. The band acts as a barrier, isolating air masses over polar latitudes.

Professor Parisa Ariya, an expert in chemistry and atmospheric and oceanic sciences at McGill University, told Anadolu how the substances catalytically destroy ozone, posing risks to human health and the environment.

Ariya said human-made emitted gaseous and halogenated molecules have caused a significant decrease in the ozone layer, "and thereby, the ozone layer's capability to filter the harsh radiation and expose us to stronger radiation with adverse health effects."

In 1987, two years after the discovery of the ozone layer, heads of state and government gathered to sign the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, banning the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) – chemicals that deplete the protective layer.

Despite the signing of the Montreal Protocol, Ariya insists that vigilance and updated protocols are imperative.

"We need to be more aware of these developments and have safeguards by evolving even further the original Montreal Protocol," she said.

Ozone, also identified as a "greenhouse gas," plays a crucial role in regulating climate by trapping heat, said Ariya.

Scientific advancements, including satellite technology and spectrometers, enable accurate monitoring of ozone levels.

Ariya reported steady recovery trends but urged continuous vigilance and observation to ensure sustained progress.

She said some of the halogenated compounds that are not yet banned and are used, for instance, in Asia, notably China, for agriculture and other purposes, are emitting and will have adverse effects on the planet and humans.

She noted that several sustainable alternatives exist, however, vigilance is crucial to prevent the release of hazardous materials.

Ariya urged a drastic reduction in emissions affecting climate change, air quality and health.

To protect the ozone layer, Ariya urged targeted efforts in cities where a significant portion of pollutants is emitted. Advocacy for cleaner cities, sustainable transport and lifestyle changes are essential in reducing human effects.

Ariya stressed the importance of long-term protection by bringing stakeholders together.

"We must remain vigilant and observe for a long time to ensure it will steadily recover in the long term," she said. "We also have to adjust the regulation appropriately with the change of emitters and other processes that are linked to ozone transformation in the future." (Anadolu)